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The Baale language, ''Baleesi'' or ''Baalesi'', is an Eastern Sudanic language of Ethiopia and South Sudan, spoken by the Baale or Zilmamo people of Ethiopia and the Kachepo of South Sudan.〔Dimmendaal, Gerrit. 2002. "Sociolinguistic Survey Report on Tirma, Chai, Baale, and Mursi" ''SIL Electronic Survey Reports'' 2002-033.〕 It is a member of the Surmic cluster and is also known as Suri, which is an ethnonym that refers to the Tirma, Chai (or T'id), and Baale communities.〔〔Möller, Mirjam. 2009. ''Vowel Harmony in Bale - A Study of ATR Harmony in a Surmic Language of Ethiopia''. BA thesis. University of Stockholm.〕 There are currently 9,000 native speakers of Baleesi, 5,000 in South Sudan and in Ethiopia, almost all of whom are monolingual.〔 ==General information== Baleesi can be alternately referred to as Baalesi, Baale, Bale, Baaye, Dok, Kacipo-Balesi, Kachepo, Silmamo, Tsilmano, Zelmamu, Zilmamu and Zulmamu.〔〔〔 :"The Baale call their language Baalesi. They are also referred to as Zilmamo, which is the name of their country, situated west and south of Jeba town, towards the border with Sudan. The Gimira call the Baale people and their language Baaye, whereas the Anywak refer to them as Dok. The Baale people call the neighboring Dizi people Saara, and the Amhara are referred to as Goola. Baale is also spoken across the border in Sudan, in an area known as Kachepo, which is the name used by the neighboring Toposa, Juje, and Murle for the Baale people and their country."〔 There are no known dialects of Baleesi, but it is closely related to the Didinga-Murle cluster,〔〔 which consists of Didinga, Tennet, and Larim in Sudan, and Murle in both Sudan and Ethiopia.〔 It shares 40%-54% lexical similarity with Murle and 35% lexical similarity with Mursi.〔 The Baleesi counting system is based on twenty and uses the same quinary system as the Didinga-Murle cluster. The word for "1,000" literally means "plenty," and everything greater than 100 is referred to as "a lot."〔Chan, Eugene S. L. 2013. ("Baalesi" ) at (''Numeral Systems of the World's Languages'' ). Leipzig, Germany: The Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute.〕 While the Tirma, Chai, and Baale people form an ethnic unit called Suri, sharing similar age-set systems, common ceremonies, and material cultures, their languages are only distantly related.〔 There is no known writing system for Baleesi and it is regarded as an unwritten language. The language status is classified as vigorous, meaning that it is unstandardized and in use by all ages.〔 However, it may still be considered an endangered language due to the relatively small population of native speakers in existence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baale language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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